JSSI, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2026, pp.15-24
Print ISSN: 3134-9226; Online ISSN: 3134-9234
Journal homepage: https://www.ssijournal.com
DOI: Https://doi.org/10.64058/jssi260102dsdip
刘 昂（Liu Ang），刘叔文（Liu Shuwen）
摘要：高校职务发明专利权属界定是影响科技成果转化的核心制度问题。当前我国高校面临“专利沉睡”转化率低的困境，其深层原因在于现行法律体系未能有效平衡国家、单位与发明人之间的利益关系，存在“控制权与转化能力错位”“贡献度与收益权失衡”“公共属性与市场化需求冲突”等结构性矛盾。本文创新性提出以“科研人员信用权”与“单位监护权”的衡平作为法理重构基础，前者强调对科研人员人格价值与贡献的承认，后者侧重单位对公共资源的托管责任与转化推动义务。通过分析二者在权属制度中的张力与互补关系，主张实现从静态“所有权归属”向动态“权能配置”的治理范式转变，构建以转化为导向、分类分层、程序保障的权属制度体系。
关键词：职务发明；专利权属；科研人员信用权；单位监护权；成果转化；权能配置
作者简介：刘昂，副教授，南方医科大学法学系，研究方向：商法学、知识产权法。电邮：leon0826@126.com。刘叔文（通讯作者），教授，南方医科大学药学院，研究方向：药理学、知识产权成果转化。电邮：oxfordleon@126.com。
Title: The Dilemma and Solution of Defining the Invention Patent Ownership for Employee in Universities—An Interpretation Based on the Balance of “Research Personnel’s Credit Right” and the “Institutional Guardianship Rights”
Abstract: The definition of the ownership of invention patents for employee in universities is a core institutional issue affecting the transformation of sci-tech achievements. At present, Chinese universities are confronted with the predicament of “dormant patents” and low conversion rates. The deep-seated reason lies in the fact that the current legal system fails to effectively balance the interests among the state, institutions and inventors, and there exist structural contradictions such as “misalignment of control rights and conversion capabilities”, “imbalance between contribution and income rights”, and “conflict between public attributes and market demands”. This paper innovatively proposes to take the balance between “the credit right of scientific researchers” and “the guardianship of the unit” as the basis for legal reconstruction. The former emphasizes the recognition of the personality value and contribution of scientific researchers, while the latter focuses on the unit’s responsibility for the trusteeship of public resources and the obligation to promote their transformation. By analyzing the tension and complementary relationship between the two in the ownership system, it is advocated to achieve a governance paradigm transformation from static “ownership attribution” to dynamic “power allocation”, and to construct an ownership system oriented towards transformation, classified and stratified, and procedupally guaranteed.
Keywords：Employee invention; patent ownership; research personnel’s credit rights; institutional guardianship rights; achievement transformation; allocation of powers and functions
Author Biographies: Liu Ang, Associate Professor, Department of Law, Southern Medical University. Research interests: Commercial Law, Intellectual Property Law. E-mail: leon0826@126.com. Liu Shuwen (Corresponding Author), Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Research interests: Pharmacology, Transformation of Intellectual Property Achievements. E-mail: oxfordleon@126.com.
Received: 7 Feb 2026 / Revised: 17 Apr 2026 / Accepted: 23 Apr 2026 / Published online: 30 Apr 2026 / Print published: 30 May 2026.
